Miniature from a copy dated 1237 by Yaḥyā ibn Maḥmūd al-Wāsiṭī of al-Harīrī’s Maqāmāt (Sittings) (1054-1122)
In his shop a barber practices a bleeding with the help of a suction cup

Persian translation of Ghiyāth to Dīn Muḥammad-i Raḍavī from the Arabic translation of Isḥāq ibn Ḥunayn of Dioscorides' De materia medica (1st c)
Miniature with description of three plants

Persian translation of Dioscorides' De Materia medica (1st c)
Miniature with description of two plants

First verse of the first sūra ("al-Fatihā") of the Qur'ān in calligraphic form kūfī handasī (geometrized composition)

The sūra 112 al-īṃhlās ('pure faith') in calligraphic form kūfī handasī (geometrized composition)

Arabic translation of De Materia medica by Dioscorides (1st c)
Miniature depicting the Greek physician Erasistrate (m. 280 BC) in the company of an assistant

Arabic translation of De Materia medica by Dioscorides (1st c)
Miniature depicting the interior of a medieval pharmacy

Miniature from a copy of the Treatise on al-Jazari mechanical procedures (al-Jāmiʿ bain al-ʿilm wa al-ʿamal al-nāfiʿ fī ṣināʿat al-ḥiyal)(1204-1206) illustrating an automate able to measure the amount of blood taken during a bloodletting

Title page of the Latin translation by Gerardo da Cremona (12th c) of ibn Sīnā’s work (Avicenna 980-1037)
Kitab al-Qānūn fī al-Tibb' ("The Canon of Medicine")

Bhaiṣajyaguru is the Buddha of medicine, a central figure in the Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna traditions. Supreme manifestation of the Buddha as a “master healer,” who through his “medicine” (Dharma) cures “disease” (duḥkha) by directing the “sick person” who relies on him (the disciple) to ultimate “healing” (nirvāṇa'). His emblems are different kinds of medicinal plants and a bowl. He is often depicted with a blue-colored body, usually made of ground lapis lazuli, sitting in padmāsana, with his right hand in varadamudrā and a bud, fruit or flowering branch in the same hand. The bowl, which simultaneously represents the offering in the spiritual dimension and the instrument for preparing medicines in the material dimension, is held up in the left hand. Sculpture depicting Bhaisajyaguru (Sangs-rGyas sMan-bLa), Medicine Buddha, Master of the medical arts and healer of all ills, along with some medicinal plants, his typical emblems.